THEORIES-

Semiology- Barthes
can be applied to any sign, including language and image, to examine connotations and ideology.
draws attention to naturalizing effect of ideology in any text. creators usually assume a shared view of the world with their readers to be understood

Genre theory- Neale
can be applied to any media product that has genres and links. kinks language,audience and industries.

PostModernism- Baudrillard
can be applied to any cultural product.
particularly applies to news about news, or celebrities, where there is no clear sense of a 'real' person laying behind the hyper reality


representation- Hall
can be applied to any media product.
applies to the way in which headlines try to fix the meaning of a representation, both the copy and the photographs.
draws attention to the power in representations.

identity - Gauntlett
applies to the sense of identity that a newspaper or magazine can offer its readers - e.g. the identity of a liberal, progressive guardian reader or a patriotic, hard-headed mail reader.

Feminism- Van Zoonen
can be applied to any media product, especially representations of gender.
the concept of patriarchy may be applied to the ownership and control of print media companies, the recruitment and ethos of their professionals, news values, and the representation of gender, especially the representation of women's bodies.